Introduction
What is skin cancer?
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and can appear anywhere on the skin. Non-melanoma skin cancers, like Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma, are the most common. The first signs of non-melanoma cancers are often patches or lesions on the skin that show unnatural growth.
Cases of skin cancer have been on the rise for decades now. When found early, most skin cancer types can be treated. That’s why it is important to check your skin regularly for any irregularities and see a doctor whenever you worry about something.
While melanoma is the most dangerous form, it is still important to pay attention to non-melanoma skin cancers and understand the forms they can take.
“The main symptom of non-melanoma skin cancer is the appearance of a lump or discolored patch on the skin that doesn’t heal.” – UK National Health Service
Causes of skin cancer
Skin cancer is caused by the mutation in the DNA of skin cells. But what is causing that mutation? In most cases, the answer is UV exposure from the sun. Both ‘normal’ day-to-day exposure when outside, and also from actively trying to tan. But often appears in places that is usually hidden from direct sunlight, so there are other factors in play.
Studies have shown that exposure to toxics can be a cause, for example from the environment that you live in. Also, genetics can be a cause of skin cancer.
Vera Heydendael MD, PhD
Senior Dermatologist
Skin cancer has been on the rise for years for different reasons. Increased tanning, low awareness and more sun exposure during holidays.
Early detection is the key to treating it. The earlier it is found, the more treatment options there are.
Make sure to self-check your whole body every 3 months if you have more than 50 moles. In other cases, do it at least twice per year.
KNOW YOUR SKIN
Skin spots to keep an eye on
Moles
As a rule of thumb: those moles that stand out from the others need to be checked. They could be asymmetrical, have a border, show multiple colors, are bigger than others, or are changing over time.
Red spots
Small red spots are most common, and are usually cases of ‘blood spots’ (petechiae) or an allergic reaction. In rare cases more dangerous causes are found. If you feel uncomfortable, self-check as a first step.
RISK SIGNS
How can you detect the
symptoms of skin cancer?
Asymmetry
Moles that are not small and round could be showing symptoms that there is a risk. Imagine splitting a mole in half; if both sides are not identical, you should make sure to check the mole for skin cancer risk.
Border or color
Do you see a border around the mole or lesion? This is not natural growth, and that mole should be checked out. Also if you see other colors than (light) brown, it deserves attention.
Evolution
Moles that are changing over time are a cause for concern. This ‘evolution’ of a mole is not natural, and you should keep a close watch. When you notice changes, go and see your doctor.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
Where does skin cancer appear most often?
Skin Cancer Risk by Gender
Skin cancer can appear anywhere on the skin, but as you can see in the illustration above there are a few places where skin cancer is more commonly seen. This has to do with several factors, such as the amount of sun exposure on a certain area and genetics. As you can see, some of these places might be hard to check for yourself. You can use the help of a partner or friend if needed.
FAQ
Most asked questions about skin cancer
What are the treatment options for skin cancer?
If you have been diagnosed with skin cancer you will be discussing treatment options with your doctor. Of course this depends on the type of skin cancer, the stage, and other factors. But it’s good to know which treatment options are commonly available and what they mean.
What are all the symptoms of skin cancer?
Most cancers have some pretty obvious signs; lumps and bumps, tenderness, pain or sickness. But when it comes to the symptoms of skin cancer, they aren’t always as plain to see. Skin cancer is slow growing and often free of glaring warning signs. This can make early detection tricky.
More: Skin cancer symptoms
What if a mole itches?
Many doctors identify painful or itchy skin lesions as an indication or warning sign of skin cancer. Although not the only sign or symptom, itchy skin is amongst one of the features associated with skin cancer.
How is skin cancer diagnosed?
If the diagnosis is superficial skin cancer (like Basal Cell Carcinoma), then a biopsy removing all the tissue involved could be treatment enough. But in other cases, further steps are needed.
Learn more: How it is diagnosed and treated
How does skin cancer affect the body?
How skin cancer affects the body heavily depends on the type of skin cancer that occurs. There are 3 common types: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma.
Read more: How skin cancer affects the body
Help & Support
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